KEY FACTS OF INDIAN DEMOGRAPHY:

Population:	1,191,000,000 (2010) (2nd est)
Growth rate:	1.548% (2009 est)
Birth rate:	22.22 births/1,000 population (2009 est)
Death rate:	6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est)
Life expectancy:	69.89 years (2009 est)
–Male:	67.46 years (2009 est)
–Female:	72.61 years (2009 est)
Fertility rate:	2.72 children born/woman (NFHS-3, 2008)
Infant mortality rate:	30.15 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:	31.1% (male 190,075,426/female 172,799,553) (2009 est)
15-64 years:	63.6% (male 381,446,079/female 359,802,209) (2009 est)
65-over:	5.3% (male 29,364,920/female 32,591,030) (2009 est)
Sex ratio:
At birth:	1.12 male(s)/female (2009)
Under 15:	1.10 male(s)/female (2009)
15-64 years:	1.06 male(s)/female (2009)
65-over:	0.90 male(s)/female (2009)

Religions:(Census 2001)

Religion	Population	(%)
Hindus	827,578,868	80.5
Muslims	138,188,240	13.4
Christians	24,080,016	2.3
Sikhs	19,215,730	1.9
Buddhists	7,955,207	0.8
Jains	4,225,053	0.4
Other religions & persuasions	6,639,626	0.6
Religion not stated	727,588	0.1
Total	1,028,610,328	100.0

Census information for 2001* (Religions)
Composition	Hindus	Muslims	Christians	Sikhs	Buddhist	Jains	Others
% Total of population 2001	80.5%	13.4%	2.3%	1.9%	0.8%	0.4%	0.6%
10-Yr Growth % (est '91–'01)	20.3%	29.5%	22.6%	18.2%	24.5%	26.0%	103.1%
Sex ratio (avg. 944)	935	940	1009	895	955	940	1000
Literacy rate (71.7% for Age 7 & above)	75.5	60.0	90.3	70.4	73.0	95.0	50.0
Work Participation Rate	40.4	31.3	39.7	37.7	40.6	32.9	48.4
Rural sex ratio	944	953	1001	895	958	937	995
Urban sex ratio	922	907	1026	886	944	941	966
Child sex ratio (0–6 yrs)	925	950	964	786	942	870	976

Table excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state.
* The data is "unadjusted" (without excluding Assam and Jammu and Kashmir); 1981 census was not conducted in Assam and 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu and Kashmir.

1.      All figures in %.

2.      Others including Bahá'ís, Jews, and Parsis.

3.      Tribal Animists (and non religious) are grouped under Others after 1926 (1931 census onwards)

Native speakers of Indian languages as per the 2001 census
Rank	Language	Speakers	Percentage
1	Hindi	422,048,642	41.03%
2	Bengali	83,369,769	8.11%
3	Telugu	74,002,856	7.19%
4	Marathi	71,936,894	6.99%
5	Tamil	60,793,814	5.91%
6	Urdu	51,536,111	5.01%
7	Gujarati	46,091,617	4.48%
8	Kannada	37,924,011	3.69%
9	Malayalam	33,066,392	3.21%
10	Oriya	33,017,446	3.21%
11	Punjabi	29,102,477	2.83%
12	Assamese	13,168,484	1.28%
13	Maithili	12,179,122	1.18%
14	Bhili/Bhilodi	9,582,957	0.93%
15	Santali	6,469,600	0.63%
16	Kashmiri	5,527,698	0.54%
17	Nepali	2,871,749	0.28%
18	Gondi	2,713,790	0.26%
19	Sindhi	2,535,485	0.25%
20	Konkani	2,489,015	0.24%
21	Dogri	2,282,589	0.22%
22	Khandeshi	2,075,258	0.20%
23	Kurukh	1,751,489	0.17%
24	Tulu	1,722,768	0.17%
25	Meitei (Manipuri)	1,466,705*	0.14%
26	Bodo	1,350,478	0.13%
27	Khasi	1,128,575	0.112%
28	Mundari	1,061,352	0.105%
29	Ho	1,042,724	0.103%

* Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and Purul of Senapati District.

Languages:

Official Language:   Standard Hindi written in the Devanāgarī script.

(The Indian Constitution recognises English as a subsidiary official language)

Regional Languages included in Indian Constitution:

1. ASSAMESE/ASOMIYA -Assam

2. BENGALI/BANGLA -Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Tripura, West Bengal

3. BODO- Assam

4. DOGRI -Jammu and Kashmir

5. GUJARATI -Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Gujarat

6. HINDI -Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, the national capital territory of Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand.

7. KANNADA- Karnataka

8. KASHMIRI -Jammu and Kashmir

9. KONKANI- Goa, Karnataka, Maharashtra

10. MAITHILI- Bihar

11. MALAYALAM- Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Kerala

12. MANIPURI -(also MEITEI or MEITHEI) Manipur

13. MARATHI -Dadra & Nagar Haveli , Daman and Diu, Goa, Maharashtra

14. NEPALI -Sikkim, West Bengal

15. ORIYA -Orissa

16. PUNJABI- Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Punjab

17. SANSKRIT- Listed as a Classical Language of India.

18. SANTHALI -Santhal tribals of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (comprising the states of Bihar, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa)

19. SINDHI -Sindhi community

20. TAMIL -Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu. Listed as a Classical Language of India.

21. TELUGU- Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh

22. URDU -Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh

Other Regional Languages Accepted by States as Official Languages:

• Kokborok - Tripura,
• Mizo - Mizoram,
• Khasi, Garo, and Jaintia -  Meghalaya,
• French - Puducherry.

Source-Wikipedia